Introduction
Following the launch of military attacks by the United States and Israel against Iranian territory on February 28, 2026, a girls’ school named Shajareh Tayyebeh and a boys’ school named Rahpouyan-e Shohada-ye Khalij-e Fars in Minab County, located in Hormozgan Province, were targeted within the very first hours of the assault.
This horrific incident resulted in the deaths of a significant number of students, teachers, administrative staff, and other individuals present at the site, while many others were injured. This tragic event has once again raised serious questions regarding the effectiveness of, and adherence to, existing standards, conventions, and protocols of international humanitarian law (IHL)—particularly in relation to the protection of civilians, especially vulnerable groups such as children, women, and persons with disabilities.
Moreover, the attack has brought renewed attention to the observance of two fundamental principles of IHL: the principle of distinction and the principle of proportionality. These principles require parties to distinguish between military and civilian targets and to ensure that the anticipated military advantage of an attack is proportionate to its potential harm.
The repercussions of this event rapidly extended beyond Iran’s borders, provoking widespread anger, grief, and concern among public opinion, civil society organizations, and international forums. International organizations, human rights bodies, and various social groups reacted to the incident, calling for a full clarification of its circumstances, the disclosure of all relevant details, and the pursuit of legal accountability for those responsible through both national and international mechanisms.
Incidents
On the morning of February 28, 2026, at approximately 11:30 a.m., only hours after the onset of military operations by the United States and Israel—primarily targeting Tehran and southern regions of Iran—the Shajareh Tayyebeh girls’ elementary school in Minab, Hormozgan Province, was struck by a Tomahawk cruise missile, a weapon in the arsenal of the U.S. military.
According to official information from the U.S. Navy, the missile carries an explosive payload equivalent to approximately 136 kilograms of TNT[1]. The attack resulted in the deaths of 168 civilians, including schoolchildren, teaching staff, and administrative personnel, while approximately 95 individuals were injured[2]. Among the victims, 24 were teachers[3].
The intensity of the explosion was such that some victims’ bodies were initially unidentifiable. Only after extensive and meticulous forensic examinations were most remains eventually identified. However, approximately twelve days after the attack, on March 11, 2026, the special governor of Minab announced that three individuals—Makan Nasiri, Mohammad-Taha Jafari (a student), and Razieh Zamani (a teacher)—remained unidentified[4].
The tragedy takes on an even more devastating dimension in light of reports indicating that some victims, including Sobhan Ahmadi and Hannaneh Ahmadi, were identified only through their names written on schoolbooks they had been holding at the time of the explosion[5].
It is important to note that the Shajareh Tayyebeh school was an active educational facility serving primary school students, most of whom were between 7 and 12 years old[6]. On the day of the incident, like any regular school day, students had gathered to begin their week.
According to reporting by The Guardian, images described by credible media sources showed school materials—such as backpacks and textbooks—scattered among the debris, confirming that the building was in active educational use at the time of the strike[7].
The girls’ school was located adjacent to a boys’ school, Rahpouyan-e Shohada-ye Khalij-e Fars, which was also damaged and targeted during the same attack.
Justifications presented by those responsible for the strike have centered on the alleged presence of an Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) facility nearby. However, human rights reports and satellite imagery analyses have emphasized that the school compound and its playground were physically separated from the adjacent IRGC facilities by walls and exhibited clear characteristics of a civilian educational institution. These included distinct access routes, visible wall paintings, and, in some aerial analyses, identifiable sports grounds—features consistent with a non-military environment[8].
In this context, a teacher who survived the attack provided a harrowing account of the incident. Recalling the moment of the first explosion, she stated:
“I held everyone in my arms. I couldn’t hear anyone anymore. Everything was filled with smoke, and we couldn’t breathe. It was dark—completely dark. Suddenly, while I was holding the children, I felt blood running from my head, and my hands were covered in blood. The children in my arms—their blood was pouring onto me[9].”
In another testimony, a volunteer rescue worker collaborating with the Iranian Red Crescent Society recounted:
“We were there for three full days. The bodies were not intact. Some clothes were hanging from trees. The explosion was extremely powerful. In my sixteen years as a Red Crescent volunteer, I had been to earthquakes and floods, but I had never seen anything like this[10].”
Challenges and Responses
- Disregard for the Principles of International Humanitarian Law
Within international humanitarian law, one of the most fundamental and consistently emphasized obligations is the protection of civilians, particularly vulnerable groups such as women and children. For this reason, children’s rights constitute a core component that must be fully integrated into the framework of humanitarian law.
The protection of children in armed conflict has increasingly gained attention in recent years, given that children remain among the most vulnerable populations affected by hostilities. Ensuring their well-being and safeguarding their future requires robust legal and practical protections. The legal foundations for such protection date back to the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their 1977 Additional Protocols, which establish essential rules for the protection of civilians, including children, in times of armed conflict.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) has also played an important role in promoting accountability for individuals responsible for serious violations of children’s rights during armed conflicts. In addition to legal frameworks and accountability mechanisms, international humanitarian organizations and civil society groups have played a vital role in supporting affected children by providing essential services such as psychosocial support, education, and healthcare[11].
However, a major challenge lies in the practical enforcement of these obligations. Ensuring that parties to a conflict adhere to these principles during hostilities remains extremely difficult and, in many cases, nearly impossible.
- Violation of the Principles of Distinction and Proportionality
Under international humanitarian law—particularly the rules set forth in the Geneva Conventions, their Additional Protocols, and customary IHL as recognized by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)—all military operations must comply with two fundamental principles: distinction and proportionality[12].
The principle of distinction requires that parties to a conflict must at all times differentiate between military objectives and civilian persons or objects, directing their operations exclusively against legitimate military targets. Schools, students, and educational personnel are, under normal circumstances, clearly classified as civilian persons and objects. Unless such facilities are used for military purposes, they are entitled to full protection.
Accordingly, an attack on an elementary school—where children and teachers are present—appears, at first glance, to be incompatible with the principle of distinction, as such a location is inherently civilian in nature. Even if it is argued that a military objective was located nearby or that an identification error occurred, the principle of proportionality remains decisive.
Under the principle of proportionality, military commanders are obligated to assess whether the expected incidental loss of civilian life and damage would be excessive in relation to the anticipated military advantage. An attack resulting in the deaths of a large number of children and civilians raises serious concerns of disproportionality, as the anticipated military gain must substantially outweigh the civilian harm.
Furthermore, IHL emphasizes the obligation to take precautions in attack, including the selection of means and methods that minimize harm to civilians and, where feasible, the provision of advance warnings. One of the key challenges in this case is the apparent absence of effective judicial or enforcement mechanisms capable of holding perpetrators accountable for violations of these principles.
- Intelligence Failures and Errors in Targeting Processes
Another critical issue evident in this attack is the failure and inefficiency in the processes of intelligence gathering, analysis, and updating, leading to errors in military targeting.
According to preliminary findings reported by credible international media outlets, the coordinates of the targeted site were determined based on outdated and insufficiently updated intelligence data. These data still classified the school building as part of a military complex, despite the fact that it had been repurposed years earlier as an educational facility and was widely recognized as a civilian site.
In this regard, a report by the Associated Press, citing preliminary findings from a U.S. military investigation, indicated that the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) relied on outdated intelligence provided by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) when determining the target coordinates. This reliance likely resulted in the missile striking a school filled with children.
The report further highlighted that identifiable indicators of the site’s civilian nature—such as visible structural features in satellite imagery and its designation as a school on publicly available maps—were not adequately considered during the targeting process, despite their potential to prevent the attack[13].
Within the framework of IHL, the principle of precaution in attack obliges states and armed forces to verify, with all available means, that targets are legitimate military objectives. This requires that intelligence be accurate, up-to-date, and subject to multi-layered verification. Failure to update data, conduct reassessments, or verify intelligence can be interpreted as a violation of this principle.
Moreover, the increasing complexity of modern targeting processes—particularly with the integration of technologies such as big data analytics and AI-based systems—can heighten the risk of such errors if not accompanied by effective human oversight.
- Domestic Reactions
One of the most significant responses at the level of the United States was the collective letter issued by a group of U.S. senators, which may be viewed as an indication of internal governmental divisions and growing human rights concerns within the United States itself.
In this context, 44 U.S. senators, led by Jack Reed and Sheldon Whitehouse, expressed deep concern over the attack, describing it as a horrifying incident and emphasizing that the majority of the victims were children, particularly girls between the ages of 7 and 12. In their letter, the senators stressed that the war against Iran had been initiated without congressional authorization, and noted that even under such circumstances, the United States and Israel remained bound by international humanitarian law, including the core principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution.
They called for an “immediate, transparent, and comprehensive investigation” into this attack and other military operations resulting in civilian casualties, emphasizing that the findings should be made public and that accountability mechanisms must be pursued seriously. Referring to initial reports suggesting the possible involvement of U.S. forces in the attack, the senators requested that the U.S. Department of Defense clarify the actual objective of the operation, the factors that led to the erroneous strike, and the measures taken to minimize harm to civilians.
The letter also expressed concern regarding the potential use of artificial intelligence technologies in the target-selection process, warning that such approaches could increase the risk of violations of humanitarian law. The senators further noted that incidents of this kind are harmful not only to the people of Iran—who have already endured profound suffering—but may also undermine U.S. national security interests[14].
This position demonstrates that even within U.S. political institutions, the Minab school attack has been criticized as an event carrying grave humanitarian and legal consequences, and that the need for accountability, transparency, and compliance with international law has been explicitly underscored.
In one of the most important media-analytical reactions, FactCheck.org, after reviewing claims made by Donald Trump, challenged the official narrative that attributed the attack to Iran and found it unsupported by credible evidence. The report emphasized that the U.S. president had asserted, without presenting specific proof, that Iran was responsible for the school strike, whereas a body of evidence—including verified videos, satellite imagery, and weapons analysis by specialists—suggested that U.S. forces were more likely involved.
Citing findings from reputable media outlets and independent analyses, FactCheck.org stated that the technical characteristics of the missile used—particularly its resemblance to Tomahawk missiles—as well as the broader pattern of strikes in the area, were consistent with known U.S. capabilities and operations, not those of Iran. The report also pointed to contradictions in the statements of U.S. officials: while Trump categorically blamed Iran, the U.S. Secretary of Defense merely stated that the matter was under review and did not directly confirm that claim.
FactCheck.org further rejected the assertion that Iran possessed Tomahawk missiles, emphasizing that such weapons are fundamentally in the possession of the United States and a small number of its allies, none of whom—apart from the United States—were involved in this conflict. Overall, the organization concluded that the allegation against Iran was not only unsupported by credible evidence, but also contradicted by existing data and technical analysis, and should therefore be regarded as an unproven and misleading narrative[15].
Among reactions from civil society organizations, the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)—one of the largest Muslim civil rights organizations in the United States—adopted a direct and critical position, describing the attack on the girls’ school in Minab as a deadly massacre and characterizing it as a war crime. CAIR called for a transparent, independent, and immediate congressional investigation.
The organization stressed that the killing of dozens of children and educational staff constituted a clear violation of the fundamental rules of international humanitarian law and should not be tolerated by any government, including the United States or its allies. CAIR also warned against entrusting the investigation to interested military bodies, including the Pentagon or the Israeli military, arguing that such institutions lack the necessary impartiality. It instead emphasized the importance of involvement by independent oversight bodies, particularly congressional committees.
In its statement, CAIR not only strongly condemned the attack but also underscored the principle of accountability, asserting that if U.S. responsibility were established, the political and military officials involved—including the Secretary of Defense—should face political consequences and be removed from office. Linking the incident to the broader course of the war against Iran, the organization further described the conflict as “unnecessary, unjustified, and unconstitutional” and called for its immediate end.
Taken together, CAIR’s position reflects a high level of criticism within U.S. civil society concerning civilian casualties and reveals a growing demand for transparency, accountability, and an end to violence against Iran[16].
- International Reactions
Among the responses of international human rights organizations, Amnesty International, in a detailed report, explicitly described the strike on Shajareh Tayyebeh school in Minab as unlawful and assessed it as a serious violation of international humanitarian law.
Drawing on a body of evidence including satellite imagery, field videos, remnants of munitions, and interviews with independent sources, Amnesty stated that the school had been struck directly with guided weapons, resulting in the deaths of 168 people, including more than 100 children. The organization emphasized that U.S. forces had failed to take all feasible precautions to avoid civilian harm, which constitutes a violation of the principle of precaution under international humanitarian law.
Amnesty also pointed to the possibility that the attacking forces had relied on outdated information regarding the nature of the building—information that still reflected its former status as part of a military compound, despite the fact that it had for years functioned as a school. The organization considered this indicative of a serious failure in target assessment and intelligence verification.
The report further stated that if those responsible for the strike acted without sufficient certainty regarding the civilian nature of the target, this could amount to gross negligence in operational planning; and if they were aware of the presence of civilians and nevertheless failed to take necessary precautions, the strike could be considered reckless and potentially amount to a war crime.
Amnesty International called for an independent, impartial, and transparent investigation, the public release of its findings, and the prosecution of those potentially responsible. It also emphasized the right of victims and their families to truth, justice, and full reparations, including compensation and necessary support. The organization additionally warned that the use of technologies such as artificial intelligence in targeting processes, in the absence of effective human oversight, may increase the risk of such errors. Overall, Amnesty characterized the strike as a stark example of the catastrophic consequences of disregarding the fundamental principles of humanitarian law and stressed the urgent need for accountability and reform of military procedures to prevent recurrence[17].
Human Rights Watch, on March 7, 2026, also issued an independent statement titled: “US/Israel: Investigate Iran School Attack as a War Crime.” The organization stated that the evidence it had reviewed showed that Shajareh Tayyebeh school was separated and enclosed from the adjacent military section and had an independent entrance. It further stated that the pattern of impacts indicated the use of precision-guided munitions, rather than an accidental weapons malfunction.
Sophia Jones of Human Rights Watch’s Digital Investigations Lab stated that a prompt and full investigation must determine whether those responsible for the attack should have known that the site was a school filled with children and teachers, and that if the strike was unlawful, those responsible must be held accountable. Human Rights Watch explicitly wrote that if U.S. responsibility is established, a full investigation, reparations, accountability, and, where appropriate, criminal prosecution should follow[18].
According to reporting by the reputable newspaper The Guardian, Gordon Brown, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and United Nations Special Envoy for Global Education, wrote in an article on March 12, 2026, directly referring to the strike on the Minab school in Iran and the killing of 168 schoolgirls and schoolboys, and called for the establishment of a special international criminal tribunal for war crimes against children. He argued that schools should enjoy the same special legal and moral protection as hospitals, and that justifications such as the strike being “unintentional” or the school being “adjacent to a military target” should not permit impunity[19].
The Prime Minister of Italy also condemned the massacre of schoolgirls in Minab resulting from the military strike and called for those responsible to be identified. Speaking before the Italian Senate on Wednesday, March 11, 2026, Giorgia Meloni, without explicitly referring to the U.S. role in the attack, stated that during U.S. and Israeli military operations aimed at degrading Iran’s military capabilities, the safety of civilians and children must be respected. She declared:
“On behalf of the Italian government, I condemn the massacre of schoolgirls in Minab, express solidarity with the families of the teenage victims of this incident, and call for the swift identification of those responsible for this tragedy.”
She concluded by emphasizing that Italy had no role in the current U.S. and Israeli attacks against Iran and had no intention of joining them[20].
Among the responses of international institutions, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) took a clear position, describing the strike on the elementary school in Minab as a “flagrant violation of international humanitarian law” and expressing deep concern over its humanitarian consequences. Emphasizing the special status of educational institutions as civilian objects, UNESCO recalled that students and educational spaces are explicitly protected under the rules of international humanitarian law, and that attacks on such sites not only endanger civilians—especially children—but also undermine the fundamental right to education.
UNESCO also joined other organs of the United Nations system and senior international officials, including the UN Secretary-General, in condemning the strike and the continuing cycle of violence in the region, stressing the necessity for all parties to comply with their international obligations. In the same context, Malala Yousafzai, UN Messenger of Peace and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, described the event as “unimaginable and unacceptable”, called for an immediate end to the violence, and demanded justice and accountability. She emphasized that all states are obliged to protect civilians, especially children, and to ensure the safety of schools[21].
UNICEF also reacted to the targeting of educational centers and schools in Iran in two separate statements. In its statement of February 28, 2026, issued at the outset of the escalation, UNICEF declared that it was deeply concerned by reports of schools being struck in Iran, including a girls’ school in Minab, and stressed that targeting civilians and civilian objects, including schools, constitutes a violation of international law[22]. In a follow-up statement issued on March 5, 2026, UNICEF explicitly referred to Shajareh Tayyebeh Primary School and stated that 168 students were among the victims killed while classes were underway when the school was struck. The organization added that children and schools are protected under international humanitarian law and must remain safe spaces[23].
Among the reactions of specialized UN human rights mechanisms, a group of independent experts of the Human Rights Council issued a statement strongly condemning the missile strike on the girls’ school in Minab and describing it as a serious violation of international humanitarian law. Expressing “deep shock and profound sorrow” over the killing of at least 165 schoolgirls, the experts emphasized that an attack on a school during teaching hours is not only a direct assault on children’s lives, but also a threat to the right to education and to the future of an entire society, and that “there is no justification for killing girls in their classroom.”
Recalling the status of schools as civilian objects, the experts stressed that under both treaty law and customary international law, attacks on educational institutions are prohibited unless such places have become military objectives. They further noted that deliberate attacks against such targets may, under the Rome Statute, amount to war crimes.
The experts also stressed the need for a prompt, independent, impartial, and effective investigation to establish the facts of the attack and ensure accountability, emphasizing that civilians must never be treated as mere collateral damage. They called for an immediate end to the hostilities and for all parties to fully comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law, particularly with regard to the protection of civilians and the safety of educational institutions. They also highlighted the need for effective reparations for the victims. Among the signatories of this statement were prominent figures such as Mai Sato, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and Farida Shaheed, Special Rapporteur on the right to education, which adds further legal and institutional weight to this position within the official framework of UN human rights mechanisms[24].
Conclusion
Following the initiation of military attacks by the United States and Israel against Iranian territory, educational institutions across various regions of the country were subjected—directly or indirectly—to aerial strikes. In some cases, these attacks were justified on military grounds, while in others they resulted from the proximity of such institutions to targeted sites.
While the present report has focused specifically on the two schools of Shajareh Tayyebeh and Rahpouyan-e Shohada-ye Khalij-e Fars in Minab, southern Iran, a broader review of reports published by both domestic Iranian media and international news sources indicates that these were not isolated incidents. Rather, they represent only a portion of a wider pattern in which educational facilities were either directly targeted or suffered damage due to their proximity to military objectives. In several instances, these attacks resulted in the deaths and injuries of a significant number of students, educational personnel, and civilians present at the sites.
This situation has unfolded despite the existence of well-established legal frameworks within international human rights law and international humanitarian law, which are intended to play a fundamental role in protecting civilians—particularly children—during armed conflict. These frameworks, however, have proven insufficient in providing effective mechanisms to prevent such incidents or to ensure accountability for their perpetrators at the level of international institutions and forums.
The principles and norms emphasized by organizations such as UNICEF, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and other international bodies—as well as those enshrined in the Geneva Conventions—clearly underline the necessity of special protection for children and educational institutions. Yet, in practice, these protections have not prevented the occurrence of such attacks.
Similar patterns observed in other conflict-affected regions around the world further demonstrate that, even in the presence of comprehensive legal and normative frameworks, educational institutions and children continue to remain vulnerable to both direct and indirect harm arising from armed conflict.
References
[1] Asriran. (2026, March 15). The Story of Mikaeel’s Last Day at Minab School. Asriran. From: asriran.com/004p4h
[2] SNN. (2026, March 3). Funeral Procession of Martyred Students in Minab + Video. SNN. From: https://snn.ir/005mOD
[3] Mehr News. (2026, March 3). New Details of the Attack on the Minab School; Attack Carried Out with 5 Missiles and 24 Teachers Killed. Mehr News. From: mehrnews.com/x3bwd9
[4] SNN. (2026, March 11). Details About the Unidentified Bodies of the Martyrs from Shajareh Tayyebeh School in Minab. SNN. From: https://snn.ir/005nDe
[5] Khabar Foori. (2026, February 28). The Tragic Story of Identifying Two Martyred Students from Minab: One Was Recognized by His Textbook. Khabar Foori. From: https://www.khabarfoori.com/fa/tiny/news-3197390
[6] Avash. (2026, March 5). The Story of an Attack and a Tragedy That Befell Iran’s Children / The Missile That Shed Blood in Minab. Avash. From: https://avash.ir/n/N2l
[7] McClure, Tess. (2026, March 1). Death toll from school bombing in southern Iran reportedly rises to 165. The Guardian. From: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/01/iran-school-bombing-death-toll-us-israel-strikes
[8] Human Rights Watch. (2026, March 7). US/Israel: Investigate Iran School Attack as a War Crime. Human Rights Watch. From: https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/07/us/israel-investigate-iran-school-attack-as-a-war-crime
[9] SNN. (2026, March 11). A Wounded Teacher’s Account of the Moments of the American‑Zionist Criminals’ Attack on the Minab School + Video. SNN. From: https://snn.ir/005nFs
[10] SNN. (2026, March 13). Amid Mothers’ Cries and the Smell of Smoke: A Volunteer Rescuer’s Different Account of Searching for Children in the Minab Tragedy. SNN. From: https://snn.ir/005nXu
[11] Seyed Naseri, M. (2026, March 14). The Horrific Massacre of Innocent Children in Minab by Israel and the United States. Khabar Online. From: khabaronline.ir/xpDHB
[12] International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (1977). Article 48: Basic Rule – Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts. ICRC International Humanitarian Law Database. From: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-48
[13] Associated Press. (2026, March 11). Outdated intelligence likely led to U.S. strike on Iranian school that killed over 165 people. Associated Press. From: https://apnews.com/article/iran-us-school-hegseth-trump-2ffff06808f7a584b0a03831897ab0b8
[14] Reed, Jack., & Whitehouse, Sheldon. (2026, March 11). As Trump tries to avoid accountability for Iranian school bombing, Reed & Whitehouse press DOD for answers on tragic mistake and efforts to prevent civilian casualties in Iran. United States Senate. From: https://www.whitehouse.senate.gov/news/release/as-trump-tries-to-avoid-accountability-for-iranian-school-bombing-reed-whitehouse-press-dod-for-answers-on-tragic-mistake-and-efforts-to-prevent-civilian-casualties-in-iran/
[15] Gore, D’Angelo. (2026, March 10). Without providing evidence, Trump pins school bombing on Iran. FactCheck.org. From: https://www.factcheck.org/2026/03/without-providing-evidence-trump-pins-school-bombing-on-iran/
[16] Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR). (2026, March 1). CAIR calls on Congress to investigate reported US-Israel massacre at girls’ school in Iran. CAIR. From: https://www.cair.com/press_releases/cair-calls-on-congress-to-investigate-reported-us-israel-massacre-at-girls-school-in-iran/
[17] Amnesty International. (2026, March). USA/Iran: Those responsible for deadly and unlawful US strike on school that killed over 100 children must be held accountable. Amnesty International. From: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/03/usa-iran-those-responsible-for-deadly-and-unlawful-us-strike-on-school-that-killed-over-100-children-must-be-held-accountable/
[18] Human Rights Watch. (2026, March 7). US/Israel: Investigate Iran School Attack as a War Crime. Human Rights Watch. From: https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/07/us/israel-investigate-iran-school-attack-as-a-war-crime
[19] Brown, Gordon. (2026, March 12). Gordon Brown calls for international criminal court for crimes against children. The Guardian. From: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/12/gordon-brown-calls-for-international-criminal-court-for-crimes-against-children
[20] Middle East Eye. (2026, March 11). Italy prime minister condemns Iran school strike. Middle East Eye. From: https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/italy-prime-minister-condemns-iran-school-strike
[21] UN News. (2026, March 1). Deadly bombing of Iran primary school ‘a grave violation of humanitarian law’: UNESCO. United Nations. From: https://www.ungeneva.org/en/news-media/news/2026/03/116341/deadly-bombing-iran-primary-school-grave-violation-humanitarian-law
[22] UNICEF. (2026, February 28). UNICEF statement on the impact of the military escalation on children in the Middle East. UNICEF. From: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-statement-impact-military-escalation-children-middle-east
[23] UNICEF. (2026, March 5). The brutality of war measured in children’s lives as hostilities escalate in Iran. UNICEF. From: https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/brutality-war-measured-childrens-lives-hostilities-escalate-iran
[24] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). (2026, March 6). UN experts strongly condemn deadly missile strike on girls’ school in Iran, call for independent investigation. OHCHR. From: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/03/un-experts-strongly-condemn-deadly-missile-strike-girls-school-iran-call
